refineries crude antimony oxide
Antimony, a pollutant of emerging concern: A review on
2021年8月1日Some of the refineries add lead into the anode, in order to precipitate antimony as Pb–Sb mixed oxide, to control the electrolyte antimony concentration. Another strategy used by the refineries is to control the electrolytic arsenic concentration
Antimony trioxide Wikipedia
OverviewProduction and propertiesStructureUsesSafetyFurther readingExternal links
Global production of antimony(III) oxide in 2012 was 130,000 tonnes, an increase from 112,600 tonnes in 2002. China produces the largest share followed by US/Mexico, Europe, Japan and South Africa and other countries (2%). As of 2010, antimony(III) oxide was produced at four sites in EU27. It is produced via two routes, re-volatilizing of crude antimony(III) oxide and by oxidation of antimony metal. Oxidation of anti
Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and
2016年2月8日The antimony recovery rate was 92 %, and a 99.7 % pure antimony oxide distillate was obtained. Binz et al. [ 75 ] developed a bottom-up process to recover
Selective removal of arsenic from crude antimony trioxide by
2022年1月15日In summary, the synthesized crude antimony trioxide mainly contains antimony arsenic oxide, senarmontite and cervantite. A new compound with a chemical
Antimony Wikipedia
OverviewProductionCharacteristicsCompoundsHistoryApplicationsPrecautionsSee also
The extraction of antimony from ores depends on the quality and composition of the ore. Most antimony is mined as the sulfide; lower-grade ores are concentrated by froth flotation, while higher-grade ores are heated to 500–600 °C, the temperature at which stibnite melts and separates from the gangue minerals. Antimony can be isolated from the crude antimony sulfide by reducti
A Review on Pyrometallurgical Extraction of Antimony
2022年8月12日Crude antimony that is produced from any of the upstream processes, is impure and requires further refining to meet commercial and technical criteria; typically ≥99% purity with ≤0.3% arsenic . In addition to
Characterization of antimony-containing metallurgical
2021年12月10日A comprehensive characterization of Sb-containing metallurgical residues is essential to develop efficient and clean technologies to recover Sb and other
Fire Refining of Rough Antimony from Impurities for Obtaining
2022年2月1日As a result of research, a method for fire refining of rough antimony was developed to obtain a high-grade metal with a content of not less than 99.65% Sb and
eCFR :: 40 CFR Part 261 Subpart D -- Lists of Hazardous
Baghouse filters from the production of antimony oxide, including filters from the production of intermediates (e.g., antimony metal or crude antimony oxide) (E) K177
Antimony Elemental Properties, Oxidation States, and
Electrolytic deposition of antimony under certain conditions produces an unstable amorphous form called “explosive antimony,” because, when bent or scratched, it will
Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial
2016年2月8日Antimony has become an increasingly critical element in recent years, due to a surge in industrial demand and the Chinese domination of primary production. Antimony is produced from stibnite ore (Sb2O3) which is processed into antimony metal and antimony oxide (Sb2O3). The industrial importance of antimony is mainly derived
Separation of Antimony from a Stibnite Concentrate Through a
2010年11月23日The main purpose of this study is to characterize and separate antimony from a stibnite concentrate through a low-temperature sulfur-fixing smelting process. This article reports on a study conducted on the optimization of process parameters, such as flux and zinc oxide weight percentage, in charging, smelting temperature, smelting duration
Development of Secondary Antimony Oxides from Metallurgical
2017年4月3日Recovery of antimony oxide for use in flame retardants from lead refining residues is evaluated using a fuming approach. A process is designed bottom-up. First, thermochemical calculations are made to determine process boundaries for a fuming process. Hence, a fuming model is created based on activity and vapor pressure data
A Pathway Towards Net-Zero Emissions in Oil Refineries
2022年2月11日Hydroskimming refineries comprise distillation units, and a series of process units to produce petrol, jet fuel, and middle distillates. By contrast, larger conversion refineries include hydrocrackers and catalytic cracking units to further reduce heavier crude fractions into lighter products ( Jing et al., 2020 ).
US Antimony Operations Update Nasdaq
2022年3月15日CONTACT:United States Antimony Corp. PO Box 643 47 Cox Gulch Rd.Thompson Falls, Montana 59873-0643 E-Mail: info@unitedstatesantimony Phone: 406 579 4097. SOURCE: United States Antimony Corp
Recovery of Antimony: A Laboratory Study on the
2018年1月11日As antimony is typically present in industrial and commercial products only in small amounts, the concentration of antimony in waste types is low and a limited amount of antimony is currently
One-Step Extraction of Antimony in Low Temperature from
optimum conditions, the direct recovery rate of antimony can reach 91.48%, and crude antimony with a purity of 96.00% has been achieved. 95.31% of sulfur is fixed in form of FeS in the presence of iron oxide. Meanwhile, precious metals contained in stibnite concentrate are enriched and recovered comprehensively in crude antimony.
Antimony Oxide an overview ScienceDirect Topics
2012年7月24日Strengths and weaknesses of phosphorus flame retardants relative to other flame retardant systems (mostly halogen) can be summarized as following: Advantages: •. Lower density compared with halogen types. •. No need for antimony oxide synergist. •. Less likely to be persistent and bioaccumulative in the environment. •.
Fire Refining of Rough Antimony from Impurities for Obtaining
2022年2月1日As a result of research, a method for fire refining of rough antimony was developed to obtain a high-grade metal with a content of not less than 99.65% Sb and not more than 2000 ppm Pb versus (1.4
ANTIMONY OXIDE LISTING BACKGROUND US EPA
oxide vapors. The vapors are condensed to generate antimony oxide powder. A baghouse is used to recover product in the off-gas. The antimony oxide powder is then blended, classified and bagged for shipment. The crude antimony oxide comes either from off-site or is reclaimed from secondary materials from within the facility.
A Pathway Towards Net-Zero Emissions in Oil Refineries
2022年2月11日Hydroskimming refineries comprise distillation units, and a series of process units to produce petrol, jet fuel, and middle distillates. By contrast, larger conversion refineries include hydrocrackers and catalytic cracking units to further reduce heavier crude fractions into lighter products ( Jing et al., 2020 ).
Separation of Antimony from a Stibnite Concentrate Through a
2010年11月23日The main purpose of this study is to characterize and separate antimony from a stibnite concentrate through a low-temperature sulfur-fixing smelting process. This article reports on a study conducted on the optimization of process parameters, such as flux and zinc oxide weight percentage, in charging, smelting temperature, smelting duration
Development of Secondary Antimony Oxides from Metallurgical
2017年4月3日Recovery of antimony oxide for use in flame retardants from lead refining residues is evaluated using a fuming approach. A process is designed bottom-up. First, thermochemical calculations are made to determine process boundaries for a fuming process. Hence, a fuming model is created based on activity and vapor pressure data
Synthesis and characterization of antimony oxide nanoparticles
2012年11月26日Antimony oxide nanoparticles were synthesized in the presence of the polyvinyl alcohol in water solution through the reaction between SbCl 3 and NaOH. The size of the particle ranges from 10 to 80 nm, and the largest one can even reach 200 nm, which may begin to grow in the initial stage of the reflux.
Antimony Oxide an overview ScienceDirect Topics
2012年7月24日Strengths and weaknesses of phosphorus flame retardants relative to other flame retardant systems (mostly halogen) can be summarized as following: Advantages: •. Lower density compared with halogen types. •. No need for antimony oxide synergist. •. Less likely to be persistent and bioaccumulative in the environment. •.
One-Step Extraction of Antimony in Low Temperature from
process [7] of antimony, most of antimony smelteries in China use traditional volatilization smelting process in blast furnace to volatilize the resultant antimony trioxide, and then reduce the trioxide with carbon to metallic antimony in reverberatory furnace.
List of oil refineries Wikipedia
This is a list of oil refineries. OilGas Journal publishes a worldwide list of refineries annually in a country-by-country tabulation that includes for each refinery: location, crude oil daily processing capacity, and the size of each process unit in the refinery. For some countries, the refinery list is further categorized state-by-state.
Fire Refining of Rough Antimony from Impurities for Obtaining
2022年2月1日As a result of research, a method for fire refining of rough antimony was developed to obtain a high-grade metal with a content of not less than 99.65% Sb and not more than 2000 ppm Pb versus (1.4
One-Step Extraction of Antimony in Low Temperature from
2016年7月7日 This is a relatively new process [77] in which antimony metal is extracted from stibnite (~48% Sb) in one-step by reductive sulfur-fixation smelting in sodium molten salt, using iron oxide...
ANTIMONY OXIDE LISTING BACKGROUND US EPA
oxide vapors. The vapors are condensed to generate antimony oxide powder. A baghouse is used to recover product in the off-gas. The antimony oxide powder is then blended, classified and bagged for shipment. The crude antimony oxide comes either from off-site or is reclaimed from secondary materials from within the facility.